Brushed motors are mechanically commutated, the magnetic poles do not move and the coils rotate. When the motor is in operation, the coil and commutator rotate, the magnets and carbon brushes do not. The alternating change in the direction of the coil current is done by the commutator and brushes that rotate with the motor.
The brushed motors are speed regulated by means of voltage regulation, so they start and brake smoothly and run smoothly at constant speed.
DC brushed motors have a fast starting response, high starting torque, smooth variable speed, almost no vibration felt from zero to maximum speed and can drive larger loads when starting. The DC brushed motors are usually used together with gearboxes and translators, making the motor’s output power greater and the control accuracy higher, with control accuracy up to 0.01mm.
Brushless motors take electronic commutation, where the coil does not move and the magnetic poles rotate. Through Hall elements, brushless motors sense the position of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets and switch the direction of the current in the coil through the electronic circuit at the right time to ensure that the correct direction of magnetic force is generated to drive the motor.
Brushless DC motors operate in a self-controlled manner, so there is no additional starting winding on the rotor, as in the case of synchronous motors that start under heavy load with frequency regulation, nor do they oscillate and out of step step during sudden changes in load.
Brushless motors have a large starting resistance (inductive resistance), so the power factor and the starting torque is relatively small, there are noises and vibrations when starting. Besides, the moving parts stop in a different position each time and must be stopped in the desired position by means of positioning pins or limiters.
Brushless motors do not have the electrical sparks that are generated when running a brushed motor, which reduces the interference of electrical sparks with remote control radio equipment, and they operate less noisily than brushed motors.
